PAPERPANZERS

Wayne McCullough's Card Models

(updated  12 Dec 06)
WWI Land MkIV UK Heavy Tank
Used by  Britain, and by Germany (as beutepanzers - captured tanks)
A7V German Heavy Tank
The only German tank produced in WWI.  Only 20 were completed as tanks.
MkV UK Heavy Tank
Used by Britain, United States and Russia
FT17 French Light Tank
Used by nearly everyone, some still in service in WWII
Medium A "Whippet" UK Medium Tank
Used by Britain and Russia.
Schneider CA1 French Medium Tank
Badly laid-out, badly armored, useful armament.  A few were still in service in Spain in 1937
Beutepanzer IV
British MkIV captured and used by Germany
St. Chamond French Heavy Tank
(being developed)
Only a slight improvement on the Schneider.  The armament was first-class
Air Halberstadt CLII German Fighter-Bomber
Also used as escort fighter for bombers and recon aircraft

References:

Vehicles

§          Bellona Prints.  These are a set of some 35-40 small-format booklets with multi-view line drawings of military vehicles.  I bought mine in the 1970’s.  They sometimes show up on E-bay.

§          "British Tanks, 1915-1919" by David Fletcher

§          "Tankette" bi-monthly booklet published by MAFVA

§          Bronyekollektsia series (Russian language with translations for some of the captions)

§      Armada series - Russian language booklets with excellent line drawings.  I am not too confident of the accuracy of the color art, but I used it anyway.

§         "A7V and Captured British Tanks" by Hundleby and Strasheim is an excellent reference for the A7V and the beutepanzers.

Aircraft


§            Windsock International Datafiles are top notch WWI aircraft booklets with excellent line drawings and color profiles in every issue.  I use the WID drawings to develop my models, but I do not copy any WID artwork directly into my products.  WI also publishes Windsock International magazine, which includes line drawings, color art and good general information on WWI aircraft.

 

General notes on how I make my models:

  • I start with what I hope is a set of good side, top and end view line drawings, with cross-sections when I can find them.  I scan the images to a JPG file at 300 dpi
  • I import the JPG into TurboCAD and check the scale, adjusting as necessary.
  • I trace profiles of the different views.  I do not use the original image in my models - they are usually copyrighted.
  • I extrude or loft the profiles to make solids, merging or trimming them as necessary to get the desired shapes.
  • I explode the solids to get the surface facets, and connect the facets on a flat working plane to make the model parts.
  • I have made some of the instructions from the exploded parts, viewed at an oblique angle. I moved the facets to show the direction to fold them, add direction arrows and some (I hope) helpful text.  Otherwise, I make simple schematics and/or views of the TurboCAD 3D model to show where the parts go.
  • I save the parts and instructions pages as PDF files
  • I import the individual PDF files to PaintShopPro as separate files for each page.
  • In PSP, I create 4 or 5 layers for each page; from top to bottom

§                     Text (vector) - sometimes the text from TC doesn't translate through PDF to PSP.  I don’t use this layer unless I have to.

§                     Lines (raster) - this is the TC drawing imported as a raster image, the insides of the parts are transparent so the underlying colors come through

§                     Shading (raster) - I use PSP gradients and partial transparencies to lighten some areas and darken others.  The underlying markings and base colors will appear to be "shaded" lighter or darker than the original colors.

§                     Markings (raster) - this allows me to change hull numbers, RAC flashes, national markings, etc without touching the base colors

§                     Markings (vector) - similar to raster markings layer, but individual items can be shrunk or stretched more easily and still stay sharp.

§                     Base Colors (raster) - brown, green, camouflage, etc.

  • I merge the layers of each file into one raster image per page and save the merged files (one per page) as PDF files.
  • I add a cover page with photos of the model using Visio, and enough text to identify it.
  • I combine the cover page, parts pages and instructions pages into a single PDF file, so everything needed is together in one file.

Construction of my Models:

I use 65# (145 g/sq.m) card now.  The 110 # (200 g/sq.m.) card is too hard to fold for the small parts, and I don’t want to use more than one card weight in a single model.  I briefly considered using 20# paper for covering laminations, but that didn’t seem to work out very well.

There are small parts (hatches, hinges, cover plates, etc.) that can be added to a model to give it a 3-dimensional look.  These aren’t strictly necessary, as I duplicated them on the basic model pieces.  In many cases, these are easier to add after creasing the larger part but before it is folded and shaped.

I use a dental pick for scoring. It has one end shaped like the end of a hockey stick that is easy to make straight lines or curved ones. 

I apply glue for most parts with a toothpick, sharp on one end and blunted on the other.  They’re cheap and easily replaced.  I use a cheap plastic brush to apply thinned glue over large areas for laminations.  I keep the brush in a glass of water to keep the tip from drying out.  I add only a small drop of water to the glue to thin it.  More than that will dilute the glue too much, warp the parts, and make the ink on the printed parts run.

My laminated parts consist of a colored “cover” that is wrapped over a blank “core”.  I recommend that the core be trimmed to shape after laminating, before the cover is attached.  The cover part sometimes has one edge shaped the same as the core to help aligning the two before folding the cover over the core.  I show the number of laminations that I use for specific built-up parts.  Sometimes these seem to be too many for some parts because it makes the final trim very difficult.  Don’t be afraid to experiment with this.  I don’t score the fold lines on lamination “covers”.  Folding the “cover” over and around the laminated “core” must follow the edge of the core as it is actually cut, which might not be exactly where the lines are.  I lightly sand the edges of the laminated core where I cut it to remove unwanted deformations.  I fold one section of the cover at a time, making sure that it fits the core snugly before I move to the next section.  I have started trimming the part out before it dries completely because it is easier to cut through damp laminations that dry ones and the cut edges seem to be cleaner.

Making the small hemispheres (like MG ball mounts) correctly takes practice.  I burnish the insides with the rounded butt end of an antique knitting needle, working in circles, starting on my cutting board, then proceeding to a foam pad, then my fingertips.  I put a large dollop of white glue in the concave side and place it on the model, then use my fingernails and dental picks to make final shaping adjustments while the card is still soft.  I have started cutting mine inside the printed line; otherwise the finished part may be too large.  I include a few extras of these pieces, as well as extra MG’s.  

I include tabs on some parts to help make strong joints.  I use the tabs in making the models I use for the website photos.  I cut many of the tabs off before I make the models I make for keeps, and glue the parts on as simple butt joints.  This is trickier but makes a cleaner joint than one with the tabs.  I also paint the exposed card edges of my “keepers”, but leave them unpainted for the website models.

Some of my tracks are doubled-over, where the back side might show in the finished model.  I originally recommended a double score along the fold lines, but now I believe a single score is enough.  I leave the tracks just a tad long, so trim the ends to length before gluing the last section down.  I put the joint between the ends of the tracks on the bottom of the model, or on the top if the top is hidden by the hull, so the joint won’t be too obvious.

I have tried to indicate on the instructions where the sequence of construction seems to make a difference in the result.  Otherwise, generally follow the order of the parts numbers and you should be OK.


Requests:

 E-mail me if the instructions are unclear.  If you are confused, maybe others are, too.  I have been known to make mistakes.

 Feel free to request new models or models of specific aircraft / vehicles or color schemes.  I have colored a couple of FT17’s for specific requests in the past and I will consider requests for the other types as well.  I won’t guarantee anything, but I will consider the requests.  I’m always on the lookout for color schemes, tactical markings, organization charts, scale drawings, etc.

 I plan to make all the major tank types used in WWI (MkI, MKII/III, Medium A, MkIV, MkV, St.Chamond, Schneider, A7V, A7V transport), vehicles in development but not used in the war (Medium B and Medium C, MkVIII, MkIX, A7VU, “K”-Wagen, LKI, LKII) plus some what-ifs (A7V with 7.7cm gun in re-shaped superstructure) just for fun.  I may even throw in some WWII types for a change in pace.

 I have made one aircraft in 1:32 scale, and I do not plan to repeat the experience.  The satisfaction I derived from it was not worth the trouble.  I have no interest in enlarging the vehicles, so don’t bother to ask.

 I’ll consider softskins and artillery.  For example, there were some interesting lorry-mounted AA guns.  I will eventually make a Gun Carrier, so I will need to make a 60pdr and a 6-inch howitzer for it, and I’ll probably make the gun models so they can be displayed on their wheels as well as on the carrier.  There are useful drawings of these and other WWI artillery pieces in a series of articles in “Tankette”.

Links:



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